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Ban (title)
Ban was a noble title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.
== Origin of the title ==
The first known mention of the title ''ban'' is in the 10th century by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, in the work ''De Administrando Imperio'', in the 30th and 31st chapter "Story of the province of Dalmatia" and "Of the Croats and of the country they now dwell in", dedicated to the Croats and the Croatian organisation of their medieval state. In the 30th chapter, describing how the Croatian state was divided into eleven ''ζουπανίας'' (zoupanias; župas), the ban ''βοάνος'' (Boanos), ''καὶ ὁ βοάνος αὐτῶν κρατεῖ'' (rules over) ''τὴν Κρίβασαν'' (Krbava), ''τὴν Λίτζαν'' (Lika) ''καὶ'' (and) ''τὴν Γουτζησκά'' (Gacka). In the 31st chapter, describing the military and naval force of Croatia, "Miroslav, who ruled for four years, was killed by the ''βοέάνου'' (boeanou) ''Πριβονυία'' (Pribounia, ie. Pribina)", and after that followed a temporary decrease in the military force of the Croatian Kingdom.
In 1029 was published a Latin charter by Jelena, sister of ban Godemir, in Obrovac, for donation to the monastery of ''St. Krševan'' in Zadar. In it she is introduced as "''Ego Heleniza, soror Godemiri bani...''". Franjo Rački noted that if is not an original, then is certainly a transcript from the same 11th century.
In the 12th century, the title was mentioned by Byzantine historian John Kinnamos, anonymous monk of Dioclea, and in the Supetar Cartulary. The Byzantine historian John Kinnamos wrote the title in the form ' (mpanos). In the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, which is dated to 12th and 13th century, in the Latin redaction is written as ''banus'', ''banum'', ''bano'', and in the Croatian redaction only as ''ban''. The Supetar Cartulary includes information until the 12th century, but the specific writing about bans is dated to the late 13th and early 14th century, a transcript of an older document. It mentions that there existed seven bans and they were elected by the six of twelve Croatian noble tribes, where the title is written as ''banus'' and ''bani''.〔
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